Islamic Glossary


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T

Taala (تعالى)

Most high. Used in referance to Allah (God) in the phraze: Allah subhanah wa taala.

Taawun (تعاون)

Uniting and working together as a group.

Tabbat (تبت)

The word tabbat means 'perished' or 'destroyed'.

A certain incident occurred during the life of Prophet Muhammed (PBUH&HP) about 3 years after first receiving revelations from the Angel Gabriel (AS). Muhammed was commanded by God to proclaim the message of Islam publicly, so he walked up a nearby hill near the houses of the Quraish tribe in Mecca and called out to all the people to come.

This raised area was used to warn the towns' people if they were under attack from a nearby tribe or if some other harm was coming their way, so when Muhammed called out to the people he knew they would all be shocked and come running to him to see what was behind the hill.

So they came in a rush and asked him why he had called them. Muhammed asked them 'If I said a large army is about to attack us, then would you believe me?', the people said yes, indeed you are most truthful - we know that you are one of the truthful ones.

Muhammed then explained that there was no such army but he had something important to say, something much more important than an attacking army. Then he began to tell them about the principle beliefs of Islam, of his Prophethood and that he was a Messenger of God sent to stop the people from polytheism and to guide them to the path of the one and only God. The people listened attentively, but not all people took it lightly.

Among the crowd was his uncle Abu Lahab (Father of fire), so called because of his fiery anger and his reddish complexion, and he was very annoyed with what Muhammed had done. He said to Muhammed after listening to the initial few words the Prophet said, 'Is this what you called us out here for?!! May you perish/be destroyed (Tabban laka)'.

Muhammed was surprised by this response and remained silent. God was very angered by the insult and he sent these verses to Muhammed -

Surat Al Masad || The Flame
In the Name of Allah Most Gracious Most Merciful
[111.1] Perdition (Tabbat) overtake both hands of Abu Lahab, and he will perish.
[111.2] His wealth and what he earns will not avail him.
[111.3] He shall soon burn in fire that flames,
[111.4] And his wife, the bearer of fuel,
[111.5] Upon her neck a halter of strongly twisted rope.

Abu Lahab was an avowed enemy to Muhammed from the very beginning and so was his wife, hence the curse upon her too.


Tabeeb (طبيب)

A tabeeb is a doctor or physician. Arabs call dentists and vets tabeeb too.

Tabeeb bashary = medical doctor;
Tabeeb baitary = vet;
Tabeeb asnan = dentist;


Tabieen (تابعين)

Tabi'een means 'followers'.

Tafseer (تفسير)

(1) (Verb) Explaining and understanding a situation or text.
(2) (Noun) A commentary or explanation of something. Usually, the tafseer (commentary) is of the Qur'an or a verse of the Qur'an.

Tafsir (تفسير)

See Tafseer.

Tahajjud (تهجد)

Tahajjud is the name of a highly mustahab (recommended) prayer that is performed during the night, before the fajr (morning) prayers. This prayer is often called salat al-layl (the night prayer). In Asian countries this prayer is called namaz al-shab.

Taharah (طهاره)

Ritual purity. The word taharah is derived from the word tahir. Example of use: He was in the state of taharah.

Tahir (طاهر)

pure/clean/untouched. It is used to refer to that which is ritually pure. It is also a name used for males.

Tajweed (تجويد)

Tajweed is either the act of reciting or the actual medium of a special type of recitation of the Quran. It is a beautiful recitation method that employs all the diacritics and rules of recitation in lengthening, shortening and altering sounds of letters so that it results in a wonderful sounding recitation of the Quran. It takes a long time to complete the Quran with proper tajweed and great skill to do it well.

Tajwid (تجويد)

See Tajweed.

Takalam (تكلم)

Takalam is an order for someone to speak. Takalami is the feminine form used when speaking to a woman.

Takbeer (تكبير)

Takbeer is saying 'Allah Akbar' - Allah (God) is the Greatest.

Takbir (تكبير)

See Takbeer.

Takfeer (تكفير)

The action of claiming a person or a group are kafir.

Takfir (تكفير)

See Takfeer.

Takwah (تقوى)

See Taqwa.

Talaak (طلاق)

See Talaq.

Talaq (طلاق)

Divorce.

Talib (طالب)

Student or someone who requests a thing. E.g. Talibul Ilm, means Requester of Knowledge.

Tamr (تمر)

Dates (fruit of the date palm).

Taqiyya (تقية)

Dissimulation - to conceal, partially conceal or disguise one's true feelings, beliefs or information when there is threat of death or serious harm and when there is a threat of great evil.


Taqleed (تقليد)

Taqleed means 'emulation' or 'copying' another individual. In Islam, Muslims do taqleed of a scholar who they believe preaches the correct thing in fiqh (jurisprudence - religious law). They do this by following his opinions concerning fiqh issues.

Taqlid (تقليد)

See Taqleed.

Taqwa (تقوى)

Taqwa is a concept in Islam that is interpreted by some Islamic Scholars as God consciousness. It has many further understandings and interpretations. Taqwa may mean piousness, fear of Allah, love for Allah, and self restraint.

Having Taqwa allows a person to be constantly aware of both God's presence and attributes and a reminder of their relationship and responsibility to God as His creation and servant. The scholars explain that the way to taqwa is through obedience of God, avoiding disobedience, and striving to stay away from doubtful matters.


Taraweeh (تراويح)

This is a prayer that is done by Ahlul Sunnah (Sunni Muslims) during the month of Ramadhan and it is done after the isha prayers and before fajr prayers. It is a voluntary deed of worship.


Tarvih

optional evening prayer in Ramadan in Sunni school

Tauhid (توحيد)

See Tawheed.

Taurat (توراة)

Torah. This is the first 5 chapters/books (Pentateuch - Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy) of the Old Testament and it was revealed to Prophet Moses (AS).

Tawaf (طواف)

The circumfering of the Ka'bah seven times. People usually do this during umrah or hajj.

Tawakkul (توكل)

The act of relying upon something or someone - to place faith or confidence in Allah (usually).

Tawbah (توبه)

Repentance.

Tawheed (توحيد)

Confirming the Oneness of Allah. It is the basis of Islam.

Tayammum (تيمم)

Tayammum is done when there is no water to perform the usual Islamic rites, or there is difficulties concerning the water. Tayammum is done using dust when there is no water for ablution (wudhu) or ghusl (ritual wash).

[Quran 5.6] O you who believe! when you rise up to prayer, wash your faces and your hands as far as the elbows, and wipe your heads and your feet to the ankles; and if you are under an obligation to perform a total ablution, then wash (yourselves) and if you are sick or on a journey, or one of you come from the privy, or you have touched the women, and you cannot find water, betake yourselves to pure earth and wipe your faces and your hands therewith, Allah does not desire to put on you any difficulty, but He wishes to purify you and that He may complete His favor on you, so that you may be grateful.

To do tayammum, you first make the intention, then hit the earth with the palms of both hands together, wipe the forhead with them, starting at the hairline and continuing to the top of the nose and eyebrows. Then, the back of the right hand should be wiped with the left hand from the wrist down to the tips of the fingers. The same should be done to the left hand using the right hand to wipe it.


Teacher (معلم)

The Arabic word for teacher is 'mu`alim'.

Terrorism (إرهاب)

The Arabic word for terrorism is Irhab.

Test (إمتحان)

The Arabic word for test is imtihan.span id=

Thaleb (ثعلب)

A tha'leb is a fox.

Thani (ثاني)

This word means 'second' or 'another'.

Also see 'first': Awal;


Thank You (شكراً)

Thank you is 'Shukran' in Arabic.

Thanks (شكراً)

See Thank you.

Thawab (ثواب)

When a good action or form of worship is done for the sake of God, you get positive points. These points are known as thawab. If you have more positive points (thawab) than negative points (ithim), then you enter heaven. If not, you enter hell. If your thawab and ithim are equal then you will be in limbo.

Thawb (ثوب)

Robe or dress.

the civil and penal laws of human society

Law dealing with the private rights of citizens, not with crime.

the commands regulating actions

orders or restrictions for controlling persons

The discussion of generalities and particularities

the discussion of specialties and commonest ( In this discussion a law is expressed as general and then the exclusions will be explained.)

The discussion of imperatives

The discussion of injunctions or religious commands (There are many verses in Holy Quran or discussions in narrations as commands or orders that who know the knowledge of " Osul" should answer them clearly. the discussion of essential or obligatory something ).

The discussion of negative imperatives

The discussion of religious injunctions (It is another discussion of the knowledge of Osul which shows that the negative imperatives are forbidden or undesirable ....)

The discussion of tacit meanings

The discussion of concepts (the discussion of understanding without being put into words)

The discussion of the abrogate and the abrogated

The discussion of abrogating and abrogated or cancelled (something has been cancelled, There have been commands in Quran and Sunnah as temporally but they have been abrogated due to coming another commands.)

The discussion of the abstract and the clear explained

the discussion of manifest , clear, plain and brief, summary, compendium (discussion of something that express ideas briefly but there are some discussions that explain them clearly)

The discussion of unconditional and conditional

the discussion of independent and dependent (this discussion explains conditions that burdened person should make them)

The laws and issues of actions

The regulations or ordinances of deeds (religious rite, rules made by religious authority)

The missed prayer

the lapsed prayer (The prayer has been failed by forgetfulness, weakness or passing its time.)

The prayer of special signs (e.g. earthquakes)

The prayer that is prayed when special divine signs happen.

The prayer of the circumambulation of the Ka'bah

The religious circumambulation prayer

The prayer offered at the right time

The timely accomplishment prayer (The prayer that has been done on time.)

The Principle of Option

the principles of authority, choice (It is a principle which is used when a person is free for choosing one of two things. )

The Principle of Precaution

the principles of Reservation (When there is doubt about doing something and there is not clear law- usually it is between the laws that include the minor and do our duty completely. major numbers of deeds such as reading of TASBIHAT- ARBAE,so we should.)

the principles for application

the principles for practicable matters (the principles that explain how to put the religious rules to practical use)

the principles for deducing

the principles for inference, presumption (the principles that have been extracted of different sources for deducing a law is true or not.)

The Principles of Exemption

the principle of acquaintance release (When there is doubt about something  , we should make ourselves exemption of remained duty.)

The study of the biography of the Transmitters

The study of the biography of the Transmitters of traditions

The study of the Transmitters

The study of the biography of the Transferor of traditions

Theology

Divine Matters (It is a science that explains different aspects of divine matters especially Osool-e-Din)

Three (ثلاثه)

Three (3) is thalathah in Arabic.

Thulfiqar (ذوالفقار)

Thulfiqar is the name of the sword Imam Ali (PBUH) used to fight the infidels with. It was crafted in a speacial and different way to other swords that it had two points (tongues) at it's end.

Tifl (طفل)

Child.

To (الى)

The English word 'to' can have multiple uses and is especially fluid in use. In Arabic different words are used to represent it within a sentence based on how the sentence is worded and its meaning.
1. "I went to the show" - to is 'ila' here
2. "To sail in a boat is..." - such a sentence is rarely started the same way as the English sentence, but in this case it can be 'li...' or 3. "To bake a cake you..." - 'hatta' (implies a question was asked).

The Arabic true-from shown is the word 'ila'.


To bestow

To bounty (to present as a gift, to give a reward or payment as an inducement).

To pay tax alms

Alms giving [The word zakat is derived from an Arabic word ‘Zaka’ meaning “purification." It is one of the pillars of Islam. Zakat is an obligatory tax levied by Allah on the wealthy members of the Muslim community so as to take surplus wealth from them and give it to the destitute. Quran emphasizes the fulfillment of the divine formula of Zakat:“Keep up the prayer and pay the poor rate.” (Baqara 2:110)  Zakat is the backbone of the economic system of Islam. It is for the welfare of the unprivileged. Zakat is the blessing of God for the giver as well as for the receiver, as it improves the economy of the nation. Zakat establishes a society on a humanitarian ground.]


Tongue (لسان)

The Arabic word for tongue is 'Lisan'.span id=

Toonis (تونس)

Toonis (or Tunis) is the Arabic name for the country of Tunisia.

Torture, Torment

Divine chastisement, torment, suffering [When a person violate the law of God, that God brings punishment which is called torture. He who created life and death, that He may test which of you is best in deed. He is the mighty, the forgiving." (Quran 67:2)  "No one can die except by God's permission, the terms being fixed as by writing." (Quran 3:145) Life is sacred. "Do not take the life which God has made sacred except in (the course of) justice." (Quran 6:151)]

Tortures

Calamities (subject to great pain or anxiety, force out of its natural position or shape).

Transgressor, reprobate, impious

A reprobate, a sinner, evil doer, sinner (sinner, a person who breaks Islamic law).

Transmitters

The study of the biography of the Transferor of traditions.

Trial

Test, temptation (an examination in Allah's court to decide on the levels of believes of persons.)

Trustful

true (full of trust or confidence)


Trusts

Honesty, Trusteeship, deposit (property legally entrusted to a person with instructions to use it for another's benefit or for a specific )

Try (حاول)

The Arabic word for try is 'hawil'.span id=

Turbah (تربه)

A small earthen/clay tablet that is often moulded into a square or circular shape. Mainly Shia Muslims place their heads on this in sujood (prostration).


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